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Victor
Hugo
Writer
homme politique
France
Born on 26/2/1802
at Besançon (France)
Deceased on 22/5/1885
at Paris (France)
Author
Cedric Feyaerts
Dedication
This non-official biography was made from information collected on the Internet and in libraries.
Date created 23/2/2007
Last updated on 6/6/2009
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26 February 1802 Victor-Marie Hugo is born in Besançon (in the region of Franche-Comté). He is the third son of Joseph-Léopold-Sigisbert Hugo and Sophie Trébuchet. Hugo's father is an officer in Napoleon's army, an enthusiastic republican and ruthless professional soldier.
0votre avis1807 - 1809 His mother takes her family to Italy where her husband serves as a governor of a province near Naples.
0votre avis1811 Sophie Trébuchet joins her husband in Madrid where she will stay one year with her three children.
Victor Hugo is boarder in a religious institution of Madrid.0votre avis1812 Victor Hugo's parents split up.
0votre avis1813 He lives with his mother (freshly divorced with her husband) in Paris. She dominates Hugo's education and upbringing.
0votre avis1815 - 1818 Hugo attends the Lycée Louis-le Grand in Paris.
0votre avisJuly 1816 Victor Hugo writes on a newspaper: "I want to be Chateaubriand or nothing". His ambitions are huge.
0votre avis1817 The "Académie" organize a contest. Victor was about to receive a prize when members of the jury decided not to give it to him because of the title of his poem "Trois lustres à peine". It frightened them because of his young age.
0votre avis1819 With his two bothers Abel et Eugène, they found a review "le Conservateur littéraire" which attracts attention on his gift. The same year, he wins the "Académie des Jeux floraux" contest.
Victor Hugo stops studying mathematics and embraces the literary career.
Against his mother's wishes, young Victor falls in love and becomes secretly engaged to his childhood friend Adèle Foucher (daughter of an officer at the Ministry of War).0votre avis9 March 1820 He gains a 2000FF (300€) pension from the king Louis XVIII for his Ode on the Death of the Duc of Berry. This is the first recognition of his gift.
0votre avis1821 Death of his mother.
0votre avis12 October 1822 Unusually close to his mother, it is only after her death that he marries Adèle.
Inspired by the example of the statesman and author François René Chateaubriand, Hugo publishes his first collection of poems, ODES ET POÉSIES DIVERSES.0votre avis1823 Birth of their first child Leopold but the boy dies in infancy.
0votre avis1823 Hugo publishes his first novel: "Han d'Islande" which appears first anonymously in four pocket-sized volumes.
0votre avis28 August 1824 Birth of their first daughter: Léopoldine
0votre avis1825 Victor Hugo becomes "chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur". He creates the Cénacle, a group of young writers, and becomes the leader.
His first novel: "Han d'Islande" is translated in English.0votre avis1826 Hugo publishes: Bug-Jargal.
0votre avis1826 - 1837 He often stays at "Château des Roches" at Bièvres where he will meet: Berlioz, Chateaubriand, Liszt, Giacomo Meyerbeer.
0votre avis4 November 1826 Birth of their third child: Charles
0votre avis1827 Victor Hugo publishes the never-staged verse drama Cromwell. The play's unwieldy length is considered "unfit for acting".
0votre avis28 October 1828 Birth of their fourth child: François-Victor
0votre avisFebruary 1829 Hugo publishes "Les Orientales" and "Le Dernier jour d'un condamné". In August, his play "Marion De Lorme" is censured. This play is entirely dominated by the figure of the cardinal of Richelieu. This drama was written six months after the publication of Cromwell. It is the more representative of the romantic theatre.
0votre avis24 August 1830 Birth of their fifth child: Adèle
His theatre play "Hernani" in which two lovers poison each other is published and played for the first time at the "Comédie-Française" on February 25. The success of this play will generate the battle of Hernani wich oppose defenders of the tradition and the holders of the new doctrines.1votre avis24 November 1830 He publishes "Les feuilles d'Automne", poem where are represented the major topics of the hugolienne poetry: nature, love, the right to dream.
0votre avis15 March 1831 He publishes his first historical novel: "Notre-Dame de Paris".
0votre avis1832 Hugo follows the success of Hernani with "Le roi s'amuse" (The King Takes His Amusement). The play is promptly banned by the censors after only one performance, due to its overt mockery of the French nobility but is very popular in printed form.
0votre avis2 February 1833 Hugo performs "Lucrèce Borgia". This play was written in only fourteen days and has great success. Mademoiselle George (former mistress of Napoleon) is cast in the main role, and an actress named Juliette Drouet plays a subordinate part.
Juliette Drouet is going to be his mistress.0votre avis12 November 1838 Victor Hugo presents in Paris his Play "Ruy Blas" in 5 acts for the inauguration of the theatre of the rennaissance.
0votre avis1839 He travels with Juliette Drouet in France and Switzerland.
0votre avis7 January 1841 After three unsuccessful attempts, Hugo is finally elected at the Académie française, solidifying his position in the world of French arts and letters.
0votre avis1843 His daughter, Léopoldine, drowns in a boating accident with her husband at Villequier.
0votre avis1845 He is elevated to the peerage by King Louis-Philippe and enters the Higher Chamber as a pair de France, where he speaks against the death penalty and social injustice, and in favour of freedom of the press and self-government for Poland.
0votre avis5 July 1845 He is accused of adultery with Léonie Briard. It is the husband of the young women, Auguste Briard, who sees them in a hotel at Saint-Roch in Paris. She is imprisoned.
0votre avis1847 On the fourth anniversary of the death of his daughter, Hugo depicts his walk to the place where she was buried: "I shall not look on the gold of evening falling / Nor on the sails descending distant towards Harfleur, / And when I come, shall lay upon your grave / A bouquet of green holly and of flowering briar."
0votre avis1848 He is elected deputy of the Second Republic.
0votre avis5 January 1850 Speech of Victor Hugo to the Parliament on the freedom of teaching, the vote for all and for the freedom of the press.
0votre avis1851 When Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) seizes complete power, establishing an anti-parliamentary constitution, Hugo openly declares him a traitor of France. Fearing for his life and provided with a false passport he takes a night train for Brussels where he will stay during one year.
0votre avis1852 - 1855 After Brussels, he goes to Jersey where he publishes one of his famous political pamphlets against Napoleon III, "Napoléon le Petit".
0votre avis1853 He publishes "Les Châtiments". The 98 poems of "Les Châtiments" describe his angor following the coup d'etat of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte.
0votre avis1855 - 1870 Expelled from Jersey, he moves with his family to Guernsey in the English Channel at Hauteville House. He also composes some of his best work during his period in Guernsey, including Les Misérables, and three widely praised collections of poetry (Les Châtiments, 1853; Les Contemplations, 1856; and La Légende des siècles, 1859).
0votre avis1862 After 17 years of hard work, he publishes "Les Misérables", an epic story about social injustice.
0votre avis1868 Death of his wife Adèle.
0votre avis1870 After Napoleon III fell from power and the Third Republic was proclaimed, Hugo finally returns to his homeland, where he is promptly elected to the National Assembly and the Senate.
0votre avis8 February 1871 He is elected deputy of Paris. On March 8, he resigns.
0votre avis1872 When a census-taker askes Hugo if he is a Catholic, he replies, "No. A Freethinker".
0votre avis30 January 1876 Hugo is elected to the newly created Senate. This last phase in his political career is considered a failure. Hugo takes on the role of a stubborn old man and gets little done in the Senate.
0votre avis1877 - 1878 He publishes "Histoire d'un crime". With "Napoléon le Petit", these two pamphlets are banned in France, but nonetheless have a strong impact there.
0votre avisFebruary 1881 Hugo celebrates his 79th birthday. The celebration begins on the 25th when Hugo is presented with a Sevres vase, the traditional gift for sovereigns. On the 27th one of the largest parades in French history is held. Marchers stretch from Avenue d'Eylau, down the Champs-Elysees, and all the way to the centre of Paris. The paraders march for six hours to pass Hugo as he sits in the window at his house.
0votre avis1883 His faithful mistress, Juliette Drouet, dies.
0votre avis22 May 1885 Victor Hugo dies. His death generates intense national mourning. He was not only revered as a towering figure in French literature, but also internationally acknowledged as statesperson who helped to preserve and shape the Third Republic and democracy in France. More than two million people joined his funeral procession in Paris from the Arc de Triomphe to the Panthéon, where he was buried.
0votre avis1901 Queen Victoria Dies The City of Paris preserves his residences Hauteville House, Guernsey and 6, Place des Vosges, as museums.
0votre avis1914 World War I begins The people of Guernsey erect a statue in Candie Gardens to commemorate his stay in the islands.
0votre avis
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* Han d'Islande (1823) |
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* Cromwell (1827) |
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