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Mohandas

Karamchand Gandhi

Dirigeant Politique et Spirituel Indien


Born on 2/10/1869
at Porbandar (India)
Deceased on 30/1/1948
at Delhi (India)

Author
Catherine Declercq

Date created 5/3/2009
Last updated on 5/3/2009

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Biography of Mohandas Gandhi


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  • 2 October 1869

    Mohandas is born in Borbandar, a little harbor in the Kathiawar peninsula, in the current state of Gujarat, Northwest India. He is born to his father’s fourth wife and is the youngest of three brothers.

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  • 1870

    His father, Karamchand Gandhi, is at that moment Premier Minister of the tiny principality. He belongs to the intermediary cast of merchants. Actually, “Gandhi” means grocer…His mother, Putlibai, very pious, is devoted to the family.

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  • 1875

    In school, Gandhi was not among the best students. At home, he feared his father, severe and twenty years older than his most beloved mother, whom he considered to be saintly.

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  • 1876

    Little Gandhi lives a simple childhood in a family without problems. His parents decide to move to Rajkot, 124 miles far away from Porbandar, far away from the coast and its beaches… But since the schools there were better equipped, the future for little Gandhi seemed brighter.

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  • 1877

    Without even knowing, Mohandas had been engaged three times, by the age of 7! His two first fiancées had died when young. 

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  • 1883

    A short while before the date his parents had arranged for his marriage ceremony, Ghandi was told that he was to be married to Kastourbaï, the daughter of a businessman from Porbandar. After two months preparing the wedding, the big day arrived at last. Being just 14 years old, both children saw the ceremony as the perfect excuse to have fun above all, far away from realizing that they were becoming husband and wife and would spend the rest of their lives together.

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  • 1888

    Jealous and possessive, Gandhi controls his wife 24/7. However, he has to leave India for London in order to study Law.

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  • June 1891

    In London, he becomes familiar with the main texts of Hinduism, as well as with the lives of Buddha, Jesus and Mahomet. After three years of study, the young lawyer is admitted to the legal profession.

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  • 1893

    When he comes back to India, an Indian company hires him to work in Durban, South Africa, to defend their interests. During a trip in that country, he experienced racial discrimination, when he was travelling first class and forced to leave the train!

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  • 1894

    Gandhi becomes popular when he achieves in abrogating a law preventing Indians from electing their representatives in the Assembly in the state of Natal.

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  • 1895

    Day after day, Gandhi discovers with astonishment that black population and immigrants in South Africa are victims of injustices and racism. He is really shocked faced with the fact that members of the British Empire are not treated the same depending on their skin color.

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  • 1896

    Gandhi goes back to India to bring his family with him to South Africa, where he will work as a lawyer until 1899.

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  • 1899 - 1902

    The Boers Wars breaks out. Gandhi urges his compatriots to support the English. He hoped that the courage shown by the Indians supporting the English in this war will diminish white people’s animosity towards Asiatic population with dark skin… But he was wrong.

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  • 1906San Fransico Earthquake

    A new segregationist law is voted in Transvall. Asiatic people have to register themselves in order for their activities to be closely followed. Gandhi convinces 3000 delegates to stop supporting that law and to resist peacefully. He is arrested and imprisoned for six months.

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  • 1909cure for syphilis found

    Publication of “Hind Swaraj”, a book in which Gandhi develops his theories for fighting without violence.

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  • 18 July 1914World War I begins

    After several years opposing segregationist laws, punctuated with time spent in prison, Gandhi finally returns to India for goods. Gandhi has just sign an agreement with General Smuts about the abrogation of great part of racial laws. 

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  • 1916Child Labor Law passed

    Gandhi goes on hunger strike for the first time in support e of textile workers.

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  • 1918Armistice signed in Europe

    Gandhi presents the British his first claims for the autonomy of India.

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  • 6 April 1919Treaty of Versailles is signed

    Gandhi calls on Indians throughout the whole country to demonstrate peacefully and go on strike. Their success is in line with the importance of the demonstration. But a few days after, a demonstration forbidden by the authorities take places, and this one will end up with a massacre, resulting in more than 300 people killed.

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  • 1920Women's Suffrage in USA

    Supported by the congress party and by the Muslims, Gandhi asks people to not collaborate with the British administration. Tension continues increasing in the whole country and several leaders are put in prison. Le Mahatma will spend 2 years in prison.

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  • 1922Irish Free State Established

    Supported by the congress party and by the Muslims, Gandhi asks people to not collaborate with the British administration. Tension continues increasing in the whole country and several leaders are put in prison. Le Mahatma will spend 2 years in prison.

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  • 1930Gandhi Leads Revolt in India

    The Mahatma starts his most celebratory campaign of civil disobedience: the Salt March. His goal is to report the British salt-sale monopole. He therefore starts a march towards the ocean together with 79 friends, their aim being recollecting sea water, boiling it in the beach and consuming the crystallized salt the obtain.

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  • 5 April 1930

    Together with his disciples and a few tens of thousands of people, Gandhi reaches the sea in Dandi. He utilizes the salt sea, publicly breaking the law. His example is then followed all around the country. The same evening, he is put into prison. But on the streets, the fight continues with thousands of people sitting on the floor because they are prevented from marching.

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  • January 1931Empire State Building completed

    Freed by Vice-Roy Lord Irving, Gandhi obtains freedom for politic prisoners and the end of the law of salt in exchange for the end of civil disobedience. He is also invited to join a round table in London, but this will not carry any changes in Indian politics.

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  • 29 September 1932Russian famine

    In prison once more, Gandhi goes on hunger strike again. The British government finally gave up, since the Mahatma had become very popular in Europe…

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  • 1934Night of Long Knives

    Retired from politics, he survives the first of five murder attempts.

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  • 1942Nuclear Chain Reaction

    When World War II breaks out, Gandhi refuses to support the English. His logo being “Quit India”, he urges the English to leave India and he restarts his movement of civil disobedience.

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  • 22 February 1944D-Day

    His wife Kasturbai dies from severe pneumonia and heart attack while he was in prison.

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  • 16 August 1946Atomic Test At Bikini Atoll

    Freed by Churchill, Gandhi will remain attached to the Indian Unity leading the Hindu and Muslim communities, which are being torn apart due to the country’s process of independence. The Muslim league refuses to take part in Nehru’s provisional government, and they appeal for a insurrection day which causes thousands of deaths.

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  • 15 August 1947The microwave oven is invented

    Gandhi fails in his purpose of avoiding the separation of the territory: Lord Mountbatten announces the independence of two new nations: Pakistan and India. This decision revives racial and religious hatred. Between one and two million deaths cover the country with blood. Gandhi decides then to fast until death. Nehru achieves ending this massacre and Gandhi starts eating again.

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  • 30 January 1948Nation of Israel declared

    Extremists’ rage has not subsided. One of these extremists, Hindu Nathuram Godse, kills Gandhi by shooting three times at point-blank range while he was praying. The Mahatma, who had survived illness, many hunger strikes and several and terrorist attacks, will finally be reunited with that whom he does not fear, and whom he calls “the incomparable friend”. India and the whole world mourn his death. The funeral services paid to that man who dreamed of a fair, equalitarian and pacifist society, are followed by two million people in Delhi.

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Biobble n°2009-127
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